情景写作包括书信、邀请函、感谢信、询问函、祝贺信、申请函等。主要包括6个部分:日期、称呼、正文、结尾语、结束语和签名。成人高考的情景写作部分,就是以这6个部分来规范要求的,主要考查考生对给出的信息的阅读理解能力、综合语言运用能力以及重新编排能力。

　　在情景写作时考生一定要注意接受信件的对象,对于不同的对象要用不同的语体。假若收信人是亲朋好友,则可以选择简洁、轻松、直接了当的非正式语体;否则,就得考虑用间接、客气、正式语体。当然对语体的要求是在文章语言通顺,内容贴切的基础上才加以考虑。

　　一、情景写作的含义

　　情景写作中无论是书信、邀请函、感谢信、祝贺信、申请函等,在考试时的格式是一样的。现把格式列表,如下：

　　(1)日期

　　(2)称呼

　　(3)正文

　　(4)结尾语

　　(5)结束语

　　(6)签名

　　(1)日期 (2)称呼 (3)正文 (4)结尾语 (5)结束语 (6)签名

　　[参考范文]        May18,2002(日期)

　　Dear Sam,(称呼)

　　You are the most wonderful husband in the world! Your letter was waiting for me when I got back from school and it was like sudden sunshine on a cloudy day. If you were here this minute, I'd hug you to pieces.

　　Time seems to be at a standstill while you are not at home with me. And although I'm as proud as Punch if the success you are having, I'm still counting the minutes till you come home.

　　Everything here is fine. Aleck looks wonderful. Marriage has really made a new man of him.

　　Good night, my dearest. Dream of me as I will of you, and wake up in the happy thought that we are one day closer to seeing each other again.

　　Miss you.(结尾语)

　　Lovingly yours,(结束语)

　　Susan(签名)

　　二、情景写作语体的选择

　　1.亲人之间和朋友之间的语体选择一定要用轻松、简洁的,甚至口语化的语体,其有助于交流的双方情感的加深和理解更到位。请从以下给的范文中仔细体味其语体。

　　[范文1]丈夫写给妻子的信件

　　ear Susan,

　　Only six more towns to visit, darling, and I will be on my way home. However, it will seem a dozen years before I get through them. I just can't wait to be back with you and Aleck.

　　I visited with the Hoggs yesterday. You remember Jimmy Hogg--we had him for dinner when he was in Chicago last year.

　　It will be great to be home again! Even the best guesthouse seems desolate without your adorable presence.

　　You'll be delighted with a little gift I picked up at a department store. I know how love surprises, so I won't even give you hint as to what it is.

　　Love and kisses to you.

　　Your devoted husband,

　　Sam

　　[范文2]女儿写给父亲的信件

　　Dear dad

　　I'm in a great quandary, to take or not to take them! That is the question. Put the college board exams for the object, and my uncertain future or the reason for my indecision and you get a fair picture of my mental attitude. If I go to the University of Wisconsin where I do not need a record in examinations there is no reason to go through the strain and stress of writing them; and I shall be perfectly happy at Wisconsin and certainly have excellent courses from which to choose,especially I should take history, science, or journalism. The historical library is the second only to Harvard's. I understand, and the lecturers the finest to be found, all of them truly scientific historians.There is no place where one has more fun along with work than as Madison. I'll have a grand time,Dad.

　　Then, on the other hand, I seem headed for the classics and modern language! I can specialize in that, too, at the University. And yet why have I studied so hard to prepare for the exams if I side-step them at the end? Do you think there is any likelihood of my going to Westminster? I'm glad I've studied to learn all this stuff. What shall I do?

　　In most profound perplexity,

　　Ruth

　　2.工作和商务关系以及节假日祝贺等的情景写作,其语体选择就应用间接、客气、正式的语体,这样能体现出一种礼节,话语更加得体。请从以下几篇论文中感受其语体的选择。

　　[范文1]祝贺圣诞节和新年

　　Dear Mr.Robinson,

　　As Christmas and New Year are quickly approaching, I would like to take this opportunity to send my season's greetings and best wishes for a very merry Christmas and a very happy New Year.

　　I hope that the coming year will bring you a full measure of success and prosperity, I promise to drink a toast to you again this Christmas season.

　　Yours sincerely

　　XXX

　　[范文2]祝贺生日

　　Dear Paul,

　　Warm congratulations on(the happy return of） your birthday！I hope that all your years to come will be shimmering bright with health and joy.

　　I am sending you a little gift along with my love and affection, which I hope you will enjoy.

　　Your friend,

　　XXX

　　[范文3]祝贺成就

　　Dear Charlie,

　　I send you warm congratulations upon having received your doctorate in philosophy and I am sure that you will be a success in whatever you undertake.

　　Your friend

　　XXX

　　三、情景写作中的策略和注意事项

　　情景写作的命题者一般在试卷中给出了一定的中文信息。在一般情况下,该项中所提供的信息是以用于短文写作。在某些信息不足情况下,应对个别信息进行有限的扩展。具体应对情景写作的策略如下:

　　1.首先要把试卷中的中文信息翻译成英文

　　例: Directions:

　　For this part, you are allowed 20 minutes to write a letter of about 80 words on the following situation.

　　你是Bob,要给Wacker先生写个便条,解释没有上他的课的原因,并说明你的作业和便条一起交上。

　　根据这个例子第一步要做的就是将所给的中文情景大致翻译成英文:

　　You are Bobo, you want to write a note to Mr Wacker to explain your absence( why you stayed away)from his class. Your homework is also handed in with your note.

　　2.将翻译成英文的信息进行分类,哪些信息是在短文写作中必须包括且不能写错的地方,哪些信息是在短文写作中应该加以适当扩展或说明的地方。

　　如上例“Bob,Mr.Wacker”和“homework is also handed in with your note”是不能漏掉和写错的地方,“explain your absence( why you stayed away) from his class.是在短文写作中应该加以适当扩展或说明的地方。

　　3.有了以上两点,下面落笔成文就较容易了。

　　[参考范文]

　　Dear Mr Wacker:

　　I am writing to apologize for not being able to attend your class yesterday morning.

　　Yesterday morning when I was on my way to attend your class, I suddenly had a stomachache. I had to hurry to the school clinic. When I came back, your class had already finished. I am terribly sorry for this incident. Please accept this letter of apology and the homework that I should have handed in yesterday.

　　Warm regards.

　　Your student,

　　Bob